Knitting mechanism



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Patented Feb. 10, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE KNITTING MECHANISMVincent Lombardi, South Miami, Fla.

Application April 17, 1951, Serial No. 221,430

This invention relates to knitting machines and to knitting mechanism,and more particularly to knitting mechanism employed in or for aknitting machine, to manipulate a portion of a series of knittingelements, as when yarn is to be orhas been fed thereto by wrapyarn-feeds, and to knitting machines embodying such mechanism.

In the use of wrap-feeds, as for example wrap fingers which move frombehind a row of needles, past a portion of said row, and then behind therow at a further point therealong, and then swing back over the samecourse after the needles have been manipulated; wrap-feeding means whichdraws a yarn past a portion of a row of needles; and other yarn-feedingmeans which feed yarn to less than an entire circular, straight or otherrow of needles; the use of a normal cam means for manipulating theneedles, jacks, sinkers or other knitting elements are beset withnumerous difliculties and limitations. Where the wrap finger feeds yarnin the same direction that the cam ring moves, these difficulties arenot so great; but even here it is ordinarily necessary to use patterndrums or other selecting means to assure the manipulation of needles inthe portion of the row past which the wrap finger moves withoutmanipulating the needles in other portions. Even with such selectingmeans, the efliciency of machines using wrap fingers is greatly reducedbecause the cam mean must ordinarily rotate twice in order to manipulatethe needles for the reception and knitting of yarn from one wrap fingerand thereafter to manipulate the reception and knitting of yarn from anadjacent wrap finger. When, however, manipulation with needles orsinkers for the reception and/or knitting of the yarn fed on the returnswing of the yarn finger, i. e. when the yarn finger moves in thedirection opposite to the direction of movement of the cam ring in astationary cylinder machine, additional major difficulties areencountered.

Since the yarn-receiving wave and the knitting wave are moving away fromthe point where the yarn is being paid out, undue tension of the yarn,binding of the yarn, and often breaking of the In rotating-cylindermachines, the same general difiiculties are present in all instances,and the additional major difficulties are present where yarn is paid outin a direction opposite to the knitting wave.

Various suggestions for eliminating these difficulties have been made bymyself and others, and, while certain of these solve effectively certainindividual ones of the problems involved and are useful in particularapplication and under particular conditions, there remains a great needfor mechanism which will be of general application and will enableknitting to be carried out effectively and efficiently by a wide varietyof types of machines in which series of wrap-feeding means are employed.It is to a provision of such mechanism that the present application isdirected.

With the foregoing and other consideration in View, the presentinvention contemplates the provision of means including a cam, a camcarrier, and track means which guides the cam along a course past aportion of a row of knitting elements and then guides it away from thiscourse and along a long return course back to the point of beginning.This return course may lie in a plane perpendicular to the row ofknitting elements, it may extend generally parallel with the row ofknitting elements, or may extend in any other suitable direction so longas the return course is in a pattern such that the cam does not affectthe butts on the needles or other knitting elements durin the movementof the cam over the return course. In accordance with the invention thecam carrier may form a part of or be mounted on a sprocket-driven chain,it may be guided in a groove oralong a rail which may extend partiallyor fully about the courses followed by the cam, or track (guide) meansof other type may be provided. One or more cams may be provided on them'echanism'controlled by a single track means; the cams may be advancingcams, retracting cams, selective cams, or cams for other purposes; andwhen more than one cam is provided in connectionwith a single trackmeans these cams may be of the same or different character; and anydesired number of track means may be provided along or about a needleframe, a needle cylinder, a needle dial, a sinker frame, a sinker dial,or the like.

By the provision of means of such character, the direction and speed ofcam-movement may be fully adapted to the wide variety of requirementsfound in wrap-knitting operations.

The invention accordingly comprise the features of construction,combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will beexemplified in the constructions hereinafter set forth and the scope ofthe application of which will be indicated in the claims.

For a fuller understanding of the nature and objects of theinvention,reference should be had to the following detailed descriptiontaken inconnection with the accompanying drawings, in which: r i

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic top view of a form of stationary-cylinderknitting machine embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a fragmentary top view on an enlarged cale;

Figure 3 is a vertical sectional view along the line 33 of Fig. 2, ofone side of the machine;

Figure 4 is a diagrammatic sectional view along the line 4-4 of Fig. 1;:

Figs. 5, 5A, and-5B are detail views;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 4 along the line 66 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 6A is a detail view.

Fig. 7 is a similar view taken along the line l-! of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7A is a detail view.

Fig. 8 is a similar view taken along the line 8-8 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 8A is a detail view;

Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing a modified form ofconstruction;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 3 along the line IL -J0 of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is a detail view;

Fig. 12 is an enlarged-scale vertical-sectional.

view of a stationary-cylinder knitting machine of the general characterof that shown in Fig. 1 but with a differently-constructed and difierently-located type of knitting-.element-operating mechanism;

Fig. 13 is a fragmentary top view of the machine shown in Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a vertical side view, partly in section along the line |4--l4 in Fig. 12;

Fig. 15 is a top view similar to Fig. 13, with certain elements inalternate positions;

Fig. 16 is a partly sectional fragmentary view of a knitting machineshowing a modified form of mechanism;

Fig. 17 is a Side view of a portion thereof;

.Fig. 18 is a horizontal sectional view along the line l8--|8 of Fig.16;

Fig. 19 is a detail view; and

Fig. 20 is a view of the portion of the track at thebeginning of theoperative portion of the cam movement.

In-the form of construction shown in Figs. 1-8 there is illustrated amachine comprising a needle-bed 5 which, as exemplified, is stationaryand in the form of a cylinder formed with vertical needle slots '6 andmounted on a base plate I which is stationary in the presentinstance.Needles 8 are slidably disposedin'the slots 6. A cam ring [0 mounted ona dial plate 9 extends about the cylinder being rotatable in the presentinstance since the cylinder is stationary. It will be appreciated,however, that the invention is adapted for use regardless of which ofthe relatively-rotatable members is stationary, and that needle-beds ofcylindrical and other shapes and actuating means of annular and othershapes may be mounted for relative movement in any suitable manner. Theneedles are formed with butts l2 and are advanced, as by a cam M, toreceive yarn from a main yarn-feed .I 5 followed by a knitting cam 16.

Arranged about the machine are a plurality of wrap-feeds 28 each ofwhich is selectively operated by mechanism including driving arm 39,rocker 31a and selecting drum 32, as set forth in my Patent 2,373,126dated April 10, 1945. Each yarn finger '28 is arranged to swing frombehind the needles, past the front of the needles and behind the needlesagain, first in a forward direction and then in a return direction. The

number of needles encompassed by the swing of the yarn-feed will bedetermined by the coarseness of the gage, the type of fabric beingknitted, the characters of the needles and of the yarnfeeds, and otherfactors. In a machine such as shown, the yarn-feeds may readilyencompass forty needles in a two-and-one-half inch space. For the sakeof facility of illustration, however, only twenty needles areillustrated in each such space. These spaces are indicated in thedrawings by the letters A, B, C, D, etc.

In order to actuate the needles for the reception of yarn from the wrapfingers during the forward swings thereof, there is provided a form ofmechanism 40 comprising two advancing cams 41 one of which is shown inFig. 6. In order to knit this yarn there is provided a similar mechanism42 comprising two cams 43 of the character shown in Fig. '7. In order toadvance the needles for reception of yarn from the yarnfeeds duringtheir return swings, there is provided a similar mechanism 44 comprisingtwo cams 45 of the character shown in Fig. 8. In order to knit this yarnthere is provided a similar mechanism 46 comprising two cams 41 of thecharacter shown in Fig. 4.

The mechanism 46 is shown in detail in Figs. 2, 3, 5, 5A and 5B, and adescription thereof will serve to illustrate the character of the othermechanisms 48, 42, and 44.

The mechanism 46 comprises a roller chain 50 which may be constructedsimilarly to the usual driving chains used for parts of knittingmachines. The chain runs over a track comprising a drive sprocket 5|,carried on a shaft 52 which carries a pinion 53 meshing with aperipheral gear 54 carried on the base plate 1, a guide sprocket 55, inthe present instance, and a tensioning sprocket 56 supported andtensioned by members 56a, 56b, and 550. By means of this gearing thesprockets are driven in the counterclockwise direction, thereby causingthe chain to travel rearward relatively to the cylinder as the mechanism46 travels forwardly. A frame-work comprising two parallel plates 51, 57is carried by a journal box 57a for the shaft 52 and a journal box 571)for the shaft 510 of the sprocket 55, and carries the supportingtensioning members for the sprocket 55. The journal boxes are mountedfor forward movement on the dial plate 9. The plates 51, 51 may furtherbe supported by posts 59. In order to provide a smooth course conformingwith the arc of the needle-bed for the chain between the sprockets and.51, there is provided a curved guide plate 58 forming a part of thetrack means in the present instance.

Mounted on the chain 50, by means of studs 60 and BI, are one or more(two in the present instance) travellers 62, from which a stud 64extends inwardly. On the end of stud 64 is mounted cam 41 by means of anadjusting member 66 having a slot 66a (see Figs. 5A and 513) thru whicha clamping screw 66b extends into the cam 41. As will be seen, the slotis shaped in the present instance so that the cam 41 may be adjusted ineither direction from the position shown. The unit 41-46 carries a pin66c and is rotatably mounted on the stud 64; it is urged against a stop61 by means of a spring 63. This assures that as the cam is carried bythe chain into parallelism with the line of needles, the point of thecam will be sufliciently high, so as to be out of line with the butts(see right-hand dot-and-dash position in Fig. 4). As, however, the cam4! comes into operative position, the unit 41-66 is turned downwardly bymeans of a presser strip 10, to carry the cam 4'! into position forretracting the needles to knit the yarn which they have received fromthe wrap fingers. The presser strip 70 has an up-turned cam end Hadapted to engage the member 66 as it is swung into parallelism with theneedle-bed by the movement of the chain. For the purpose of steadyingthe cam 41 the traveller 62 may have an extension 62a which slidesbetween the upper plate 57 and a parallel guide plate 51d.

In the present instance, the yarn fingers are adapted to swing over atwo-and-one-half-inch course and the gearing is designed to drive thechain rearwardly twice as fast relative to the cylinder 5 as the forwardspeed of the cam ring II]. Consequently, the member Ill must extendbeyond the portion II thereof at least three and three-fourths inches,or one and one-half times the distance of a knitting zone defined by awrapfeed swing. This two and one-nalf-inch swing may encompass fortyneedles, tho, for the sake of facility of illustration, only twenty areshown. In the present instance, the speed of movement of the cam ringabout the cylinder may be R. P. M. or 145 feet per minute, the diameterof the needle cylinder being twenty-eight inches.

As exemplified in Figs. 6 and 6A, the construction is similar for themechanism which raises the needles for reception of yarn from theforward swing of the wrap-feed, except that the cams 4! and theconnecting members I6 face upwardly instead of downwardly, the spring I8operates in the opposite direction from the spring 68, the stop 1'!serves as a limit for downward movement, the chain 59 is operated in aclockwise rather than in a counter-clockwise direction by gearing I2,I3, and "I4; and the presser strip BI] is at a lower point with its camend 8| shaped to raise the cam 16 rather than lowering it.

As will be seen from Figs. '7 and 7A, the construction of the mechanism42 is similar to that shown in Fig. 2, except that gearing 82, 83, and84 is provided to drive the sprocket and the chain 50 in a clockwisedirection, the cams 43 and connector face forward, and the pressurestrip has its cam end at the rear instead of at the front.

The mechanism 44, as will be seen from Figs. 8 and BA, is similar to themechanism 40 shown in Fig. 6, except that the cams 45 and connectors 96face rearwardly; the chain 59 is driven in a counter-clockwise directionby a pinion 93 which rotates the sprocket 5! in a counter-clockwisedirection; and the presser strip Ill!) has its cam end facing forward.

Mechanisms such as contemplated by the invention are adapted for usewith various types of knitting elements and in various positions. Thereis illustrated in Figs. 9-11 an arrangement wherein a mechanism of thegeneral character shown in Figs 1-8 is utilized for the actuation ofknitting elements in a dial, in the present instance, sinkers IUI inslots I02 in a sinker bed "13. The sinkers have butts I04 for actuationby cams on a cam ring I05. The actuation of sinkers in a reversedirection is advantageous, when yarn has been fed by the return swing ofa wrap-feed, in order to measure out the yarn for reception by needleswhich are themselves actuated by conventional means. In a number ofinstances, moreover, the actuation of sinkers at a speed greater thanthe relative speed of movement of the sinker cam ring is advantageous.

As indicated above, a wide variety of types of track means may beemployed in mechanisms such as contemplated by the invention. In theform of construction illustrated in Fig. 9, there is provided, insteadof sprockets, a more conventional type of track means I09 in the form ofa groove I I0, having a portion I II which is bowed to conform incontour with a sector of the row of sinker butts I04, and having alsoportions H2 and H3 which are adapted respectively to guide a cam carrierto and from the portion III.- A

- flaring portion 1 I 4 is provided to receive the cam carrier as itapproaches the portion I I2. Instead of using a chain to carry the cams,there is employed in the present instance, a cam carrier in the form ofan arm I I5, which is slidably mounted on a rotor I I 6 as by means ofstuds I I1 and I I'Ia, fitting into a slot I 11b. The rotor carries agear I I 8 which meshes with the stationary rack IIBa on the base plateI03. The rotor 'is suitably journaled in a bearing I06 mounted on thedial plate IIl'I, said bearing being arranged to also center and supportthe track means I09.

On one or both (both in the present instance) of the ends of the arm H5,there are pivotally mounted travellers H9 and I 20, each carryingrotatable studs I2I and I22 having rollers I2Ia and I 22a which areadapted to be received by the flaring portion I 14, and to be guided bytrack portions II2, III, and H3.

In Fig. 9 the course of a traveller with studs I2I and I22 thruout anentire revolution is indicated. The stud I22 trails, and, while thegroove is discontinuous, there is provided in the present instance, anouter guide I23 to prevent the traveller which is away from the portionIII from flapping. Each traveller includes a bracket I23Ia. for mountingof a sinker cam I24 in the plane of the Sinker butts N74. The cam I24 ispivotally mounted on the stud I2I, but is adjustably secured to thbracket I23a by means of a bolt I25 extending thru an adjusting slotI26, whereby the extent of sinker movement may be adjusted formeasurement of yarn as required for a desired length of loop. By thismounting, the cam I24 will be swung into and out of operative relationwith a row of sinker butts in retracted position within individualsections about the machine, as defined by the wrapfeeds.

In instances where two or more travellers are mounted on a cam carrier,there are advantages in the use of an open-ended track, but in instanceswhere only a single traveller is employed and/or when special accuracyand certainty of control are desirable, the invention contemplates theuse of a continuous track. Guide means of this character are exemplifiedin the construction of Figs. 12-15, in connection with a sinker dial,mounted on a needle bed, as illustrated in Figs. 9-11. In this form ofconstruction, there is provided a track I 39, having a straight portionI3I, which is parallel with a row of sinker butts,

a downwardly extending portion I32 leading thereto, and an upwardlyextending portion I33 leading therefrom and merging with the downwardlyextending portion at an apex I34. Cam

- carrier I35 is mounted on studs II! and Ta extending into a slot IIlbfrom a rotary unit I36 connected :thru a set of bevel gears I31 to apinion'l39 meshing with a stationary rack I 40 fastened to the baseplate I4I of the machine. On one end the cam carrier I35 pivotallysupports a traveller H9 formed with rotary studs I2! and I 22'havingrollers I2Ia and I 22a fitting into the groove I30. As exemplified, thetraveller carried on the pin I60.

carries a. spring pressed cam 95 operated by a presser strip 10a of thetype exemplified in Fig. 2, but it will be appreciated that cams andassociated mechanisms of other characters for other purposes may readilybe substituted.

In the present instance the cam 95 is fastened to a bracket I40pivotally mounted on the traveller I I 9. The bracket carries a rollerI4I, which, as soon as the cam enters the plane of the sinker butts,will engage the leading edge 10b of the presser 10a thereby swinging thecam into operative relation with the sinker butts (see Fig. Theremaining edge portion 100 is shaped so as to impart a circular movementto the cam concentric with the machine (see Fig. 13)

The entire mechanism is supported on the dial plate as shown for themechanism in Fig. 3, for movement relative to the stationary rack I40.

'To prevent the track member I from revolving groove parallel to thebed. In this form of arrangement a gear I rotatable on a stationary axisand driven from a revolving rack I5I drives a shaft I52 on which issplined a bevel gear I53 meshing with a bevel ear I54 on shaft I55 whichcarries a pair of guide posts I56 fitting within slot I51 in rotatin armI58. Rotatably set on One end of arm I58 is a pin I60 which carries arotatable sleeve I6I which is guided between the sides I62 and I63 of anendless guide-groove I64 and which also carries a rotatable follower I65freely mounted on a pin I66 carried by a U-shaped arm I61 which isfreely In this form of construction the needles, needle-cylinder, andother mechanism may be similar to that shown in Fig. 1; the needle buttsbeing engaged by the cam I10 carried by the U-shaped arm I61 formovement from a level I1I to a level I12 in the present instance. Thecam is carried on the end of a pin I13 which may be integral with pinI60.

On the pin I13 is a spring I14, the end I15 of which urges the followerI65 outwardly in the present instance. The outer wall I63 of the guidemeans is broken as indicated at I16 in Fig. 20 to allow the follower I65to swing rapidly toward the needle-bed to allow the cam to come intoalignment with the needle butts without ing from the scope thereof, itis intended that all matter contained in the above description or shownin the accompanying drawing shall be interpreted as illustrative and notin a limiting sense.

Reference is made to my co-pending application Serial No. 82,460, filedMarch 19, 1949, containing claims generic to those of the present case.

I claim:

' 1. In or for a circular knitting machine, track means defining acourse adapted to guide a cam :carrier to carry a cam along a line at agiven distance from the operative ends .of a row of knitting elementsand a longer return course extending away from said line and backthereto to guide the cam carrier to carry the cam back to its startingpoint by a unidirectional movement along said track, a cam carrierguided by said track, and a knitting-element-actuating cam on saidcarrier.

2. A mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein the cam carrier comprisesa chain and wherein the track comprises a drive sprocket and a guideadjacent to said line.

3. A mechanism as set forth in claim 2 wherein said surface is arcuateand the track comprises sprockets at both ends thereof.

4. A mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein the track has acontinuous extent equal to at least half the combined length of saidcourses, wherein the cam carrier comprises a traveller, and wherein thecam is secured to said traveller.

5. A mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein the track comprises agroove which extends in a course having a convex section to provide ashorter arcuate portion adjacent to said line.

6. A mechanism as set forth in claim 1 wherein there are provided twotravellers movable along said track and means to join said travellers,wherein the track extends continuously along the first-mentioned courseand beyond the same and has an extent equal to about half the totalextent of said courses but is broken to permit one of said travellers tobe free while the other is guided.

7. A knitting machine comprising a row of knitting elements, a cam foroperating knitting elements in a portion of said row, and means to movesaid cam from a point at one end of said portion of said row past saidportion to a point at the other end of said portion, thence away fromthe last-mentioned point, and back along a distant return course to thefirst-mentioned point.

8. A knitting machine as set forth in claim '7 wherein the knittingelements and the cammoving means are mounted for relative movement alongthe line of said row and wherein the movement of the cam is in the lineof the aforesaid movement in the opposite direction.

9. A knitting machine as set forth in claim *7 wherein the knittingelements and the cammoving means are mounted for relative movement alongthe line of said row and wherein the movement of the cam is in the lineof the aforesaid movement in the same direction.

10. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 7 wherein the knittingelements and the cam-moving means are mounted for relative movement onrelatively stationary bases.

11. A knitting machine comprising a row of knitting elements, a cam foroperating knitting elements in a portion of said row, and means to movesaid cam from a point at one end of said portion of said row past saidportion to a point at the other end of said portion, thence away fromthe last-mentioned point, and back along a distant return course to thefirst-mentioned point at a speed faster than the speed of a point on therotating bed past a point on the stationary bed.

12. A circular knitting machine comprising a generally circular seriesof knitting elements, a bed therefor, actuating means for said knittingelements, a bed for said actuating means, said beds being mounted forrelative rotation, track means defining an arcuate course adapted toguide a cam carrier to carry a cam along a course past a portion of thefirst-mentioned bed and thru a longer return course to guide the camcarrier to carry the cam back to its starting point by a unidirectionalmovement along said track, a cam carrier guided by said track means, aknitting-element cam on said carrier, and means to drive said carrier tomove said cam thru said courses.

13. A circular knitting machine comprising a generally circular seriesof knitting elements, a bed therefor, actuating means for said knittingelements, a bed for said actuating means, said beds being mounted forrelative rotation, track means defining an arcuate course adapted toguide a cam carrier to carry a cam a.:.ong a course past a portion ofthe first-mentioned bed and thru a longer return course to guide the camcarrier to carry the can baci: to its starting point by a unidirectionalmovement along said track, a cam carrier guided by said track means, aknitting-element cam on said carrier, and means to drive said carrier tomove said cam thru said courses at a speed faster than the speed of apoint on the rotating bed past a point on the stationary bed and in adirection such that its cam will have an effective action on saidknitting elements in the opposite order from a cam on thesecond-mentioned bed.

14. A circular knitting machine comprising a generally circular seriesof knitting elements, a bed therefor, actuating means for said knittingelements, a bed for said actuating means, said beds being mounted forrelative rotation, track means defining an arcuate course adapted toguide a cam carrier to carry a cam along a course past a portion of thefirst-mentioned bed and thru a longer return course to guide the camcarrier to carry the ca m back to its starting point by a unidirectionalmovement along said track, a cam carrier guided by said track means, aknitting-element cam on said carrier, and means to drive said carrier tomove said cam thru said courses at a speed faster than the speed of apoint on the rotating bed past a point on the stationary bed and in adirection such that its cam will have an effective action on saidknitting elements in the same order as a cam on the second-mentionedbed.

15. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 12 wherein the track isgenerally perpendicular to the first-mentioned bed.

16. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 12 wherein the trackextends throughout its 10 major extent in proximity to thefirst-mentioned bed.

17. A knitting machine as set forth in claim 12 the knitting elementsare needles.

A knitting machine as set forth in claim vherein the knitting elementsare sinkers. 19. A circular knitting machine comprising a generallycircular series of knitting elements, a bed therefor, actuating meansfor said knitting elements, a bed for said actuating means, said bedsbeing mounted for relative rotation, track means defining an arcuatecourse adapted to guide a cam carrier to carry a cam along a course pasta portion of the first-mentioned bed and thru a longer return course toguide the cam carrier to carry "he oarn back to its starting point aunidirectional movement along said track, a cam carrier by track means,a knitting-element cam on said carrier, track means forming part of saidactuating mechanism and mounted on second-mentioned bed, a cam guided bysaid track means through a course which extends in part along a portionof said bed and in part from one end of said portion to the other endor" said portion, and driving means for said cam comprising gear meansconnected with each of said beds.

2%). A circular knitting machine comprising a generally circular seriesof knitting elements, a bed therefor, actuating means for said knittingelements, a bed for said actuating means, said beds being mounted forrelative rotation, a chain carried by the second-mentioned bed andhaving an arcuate extent lying along the first-mentioned bed, a camcarried by said chain, and gearing on said beds for driving said chain.

21. A cam arrangement for knittin machines comprising aknitting-e1ement-actuating cam, driving means therefor, and a connectionbetween said driving means and said cam, said connection comprisingreleasable means and means for adjusting the position of said cam whensaid releasable means is released, and said releasable means beingrestorable to secure said cam in its adjusted position.

VINCENT LOMBARDI.

REFERENCES CITED UNITED STATES PATENTS Name Date Lombardi Oct. 5, 1937Number

